easy ciphers

Easy Ciphers Tools:
cryptography lectures
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Caesar cipher

Caesar cipher, is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques. The transformation can be represented by aligning two alphabets, the cipher alphabet is the plain alphabet rotated left or right by some number of positions.

When encrypting, a person looks up each letter of the message in the 'plain' line and writes down the corresponding letter in the 'cipher' line. Deciphering is done in reverse.
The encryption can also be represented using modular arithmetic by first transforming the letters into numbers, according to the scheme, A = 0, B = 1,..., Z = 25. Encryption of a letter x by a shift n can be described mathematically as

Plaintext: vidhya
cipher variations:
wjeizb xkfjac ylgkbd zmhlce animdf
bojneg cpkofh dqlpgi ermqhj fsnrik
gtosjl huptkm ivquln jwrvmo kxswnp
lytxoq mzuypr navzqs obwart pcxbsu
qdyctv rezduw sfaevx tgbfwy uhcgxz

Decryption is performed similarly,

(There are different definitions for the modulo operation. In the above, the result is in the range 0...25. I.e., if x+n or x-n are not in the range 0...25, we have to subtract or add 26.)
Read more ...
Atbash Cipher

Atbash is an ancient encryption system created in the Middle East. It was originally used in the Hebrew language.
The Atbash cipher is a simple substitution cipher that relies on transposing all the letters in the alphabet such that the resulting alphabet is backwards.
The first letter is replaced with the last letter, the second with the second-last, and so on.
An example plaintext to ciphertext using Atbash:
Plain: vidhya
Cipher: erwsbz

Read more ...

 

Baconian Cipher

To encode a message, each letter of the plaintext is replaced by a group of five of the letters 'A' or 'B'. This replacement is done according to the alphabet of the Baconian cipher, shown below.
a   AAAAA   g    AABBA     m    ABABB   s    BAAAB     y    BABBA
b   AAAAB   h    AABBB     n    ABBAA   t    BAABA     z    BABBB
c   AAABA   i    ABAAA     o    ABBAB   u    BAABB 
d   AAABB   j    BBBAA     p    ABBBA   v    BBBAB
e   AABAA   k    ABAAB     q    ABBBB   w    BABAA
f   AABAB   l    ABABA     r    BAAAA   x    BABAB

Plain: vidhya
Cipher: BBBAB ABAAA AAABB AABBB BABBA AAAAA

Read more ...

 

Affine Cipher
In the affine cipher the letters of an alphabet of size m are first mapped to the integers in the range 0..m - 1. It then uses modular arithmetic to transform the integer that each plaintext letter corresponds to into another integer that correspond to a ciphertext letter. The encryption function for a single letter is

where modulus m is the size of the alphabet and a and b are the key of the cipher. The value a must be chosen such that a and m are coprime.
Considering the specific case of encrypting messages in English (i.e. m = 26), there are a total of 286 non-trivial affine ciphers, not counting the 26 trivial Caesar ciphers. This number comes from the fact there are 12 numbers that are coprime with 26 that are less than 26 (these are the possible values of a). Each value of a can have 26 different addition shifts (the b value) ; therefore, there are 12*26 or 312 possible keys.
Plaintext: vidhya
cipher variations:
wjeizb
mzkwvb
cpqkrb
sfwynb
ivcmjb
yliafb
erucxb
uhaqtb
kxgepb
anmslb
qdsghb
gtyudb
xkfjac
nalxwc
dqrlsc
tgxzoc
jwdnkc
zmjbgc
fsvdyc
vibruc
lyhfqc
bontmc
rethic
huzvec
ylgkbd
obmyxd
ersmtd
uhyapd
kxeold
ankchd
gtwezd
wjcsvd
mzigrd
cpound
sfuijd
ivawfd
zmhlce
pcnzye
fstnue
vizbqe
lyfpme
boldie
huxfae
xkdtwe
najhse
dqpvoe
tgvjke
jwbxge
animdf
qdoazf
gtuovf
wjacrf
mzgqnf
cpmejf
ivygbf
yleuxf
obkitf
erqwpf
uhwklf
kxcyhf
bojneg
repbag
huvpwg
xkbdsg
nahrog
dqnfkg
jwzhcg
zmfvyg
pcljug
fsrxqg
vixlmg
lydzig
cpkofh
sfqcbh
ivwqxh
ylceth
obisph
eroglh
kxaidh
angwzh
qdmkvh
gtsyrh
wjymnh
mzeajh
dqlpgi
tgrdci
jwxryi
zmdfui
pcjtqi
fsphmi
lybjei
bohxai
renlwi
hutzsi
xkznoi
nafbki
ermqhj
uhsedj
kxyszj
anegvj
qdkurj
gtqinj
mzckfj
cpiybj
sfomxj
ivuatj
ylaopj
obgclj
fsnrik
vitfek
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bofhwk
relvsk
hurjok
nadlgk
dqjzck
tgpnyk
jwvbuk
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pchdmk
gtosjl
wjugfl
mzaubl
cpgixl
sfmwtl
ivskpl
obemhl
erkadl
uhqozl
kxwcvl
ancqrl
qdienl
huptkm
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dqhjym
tgnxum
jwtlqm
pcfnim
fslbem
virpam
lyxdwm
bodrsm
rejfom
ivquln
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gtmcfn
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cpestn
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jwrvmo
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dqftuo
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kxswnp
anykjp
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gtkmbp
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ivoehp
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rexnqy
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cpsavz
sfyorz
ivecnz
ylkqjz
obqefz
erwsbz
vidhya
lyjvua
bopjqa
revxma
hublia
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jwfdoa
zmlrka
pcrfga
fsxtca

The decryption function is

where a - 1 is the modular multiplicative inverse of a modulo m. I.e., it satisfies the equation

The multiplicative inverse of a only exists if a and m are coprime. Hence without the restriction on a decryption might not be possible. It can be shown as follows that decryption function is the inverse of the encryption function,

Read more ...

 

ROT13 Cipher
Applying ROT13 to a piece of text merely requires examining its alphabetic characters and replacing each one by the letter 13 places further along in the alphabet, wrapping back to the beginning if necessary. A becomes N, B becomes O, and so on up to M, which becomes Z, then the sequence continues at the beginning of the alphabet: N becomes A, O becomes B, and so on to Z, which becomes M. Only those letters which occur in the English alphabet are affected; numbers, symbols, whitespace, and all other characters are left unchanged. Because there are 26 letters in the English alphabet and 26 = 2 * 13, the ROT13 function is its own inverse:

ROT13(ROT13(x)) = x for any basic Latin-alphabet text x


An example plaintext to ciphertext using ROT13:

Plain: vidhya
Cipher: ivquln

Read more ...

 

Polybius Square

A Polybius Square is a table that allows someone to translate letters into numbers. To give a small level of encryption, this table can be randomized and shared with the recipient. In order to fit the 26 letters of the alphabet into the 25 spots created by the table, the letters i and j are usually combined.
1 2 3 4 5
1 A B C D E
2 F G H I/J K
3 L M N O P
4 Q R S T U
5 V W X Y Z

Basic Form:
Plain: vidhya
Cipher: 154241324511

Extended Methods:
Method #1

Plaintext: vidhya
method variations:
aoindfftosillytxoqqdyctv

Method #2
Bifid cipher
The message is converted to its coordinates in the usual manner, but they are written vertically beneath:
v i d h y a 
1 4 4 3 4 1 
5 2 1 2 5 1 
They are then read out in rows:
144341521251
Then divided up into pairs again, and the pairs turned back into letters using the square:
Plain: vidhya
Cipher: qodkfe

Read more ...
Method #3

Plaintext: vidhya
method variations:
urlrea rlreau lreaur
reaurl eaurlr aurlre

Read more ...[RUS] , [EN]

 

Permutation Cipher
In classical cryptography, a permutation cipher is a transposition cipher in which the key is a permutation. To apply a cipher, a random permutation of size E is generated (the larger the value of E the more secure the cipher). The plaintext is then broken into segments of size E and the letters within that segment are permuted according to this key.
In theory, any transposition cipher can be viewed as a permutation cipher where E is equal to the length of the plaintext; this is too cumbersome a generalisation to use in actual practice, however.
The idea behind a permutation cipher is to keep the plaintext characters unchanged, butalter their positions by rearrangement using a permutation
This cipher is defined as:
Let m be a positive integer, and K consist of all permutations of {1,...,m}
For a key (permutation) , define:
The encryption function
The decryption function
A small example, assuming m = 6, and the key is the permutation :

The first row is the value of i, and the second row is the corresponding value of (i)
The inverse permutation, is constructed by interchanging the two rows, andrearranging the columns so that the first row is in increasing order, Therefore, is:

Total variation formula:

e = 2,718281828 , n - plaintext length

Plaintext: vidhya
all 720 cipher variations:
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vidhay
vidyha
vidyah
vidayh
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vihdya
vihday
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avidhy

Read more ...[1] , [2] , [3]


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